Quantifiers

Quantifiers are words that are used to state quantity or amount of something without the stating the actually number.
 Quantifiers answer the questions ¨How many?¨ and ¨How much¨?


Examples:
Plural Countable: Many people going to the beach.
                           Where are my jeans?




Uncountable: The jelly is rich.
                     The studends are reading grammar books.


Plural Countable, Uncountable:  Some books are of the teacher.
                                                 There are traffic all the time in the morning.


Singular Countable:  The person is very friendly.
                                     A green apple is good for fatigue.

The Pronoun

What is a pronoun?
A pronoun can replace a noun or another pronoun. you use pronouns like ¨he,¨ ¨which,¨ ¨noone,¨ and ¨you¨ to make your sentences less cumbersome and less repetitive.

Examples:

1- She has a very nice rabbit.

2- My mother prepared the food for Us.

3-This car is Ours.

4- I love My guitar.

5- Won the olimpics for Yourself.

ONE ------- Is formal.

One should be honored.

One should respect to the others.

DEMOSTRATIVE PRONOUNS.

Examples.

1- This is my sister Sara.

2-These boys.

3-That boy.

4- Those boys.

RELATIVE PRONOUNS.

Articles

                                                     

• What is an Article? Basically, an article is an adjective. Like adjectives, articles modify nouns.
• English he has two articles: THE  and a/an is used to refer to specific or particular nouns; a/an is used to modify non-specific or non-particular nous. We call THE the definite article and a/an the indefinite article.

                                           the = definite article.

                                          a/an = indefinite article.

                            Remember:

          Using a or an depends on the sounds that begins the next word.

• a + singular noun beginning with a consonant: a boy, a car, a bike, a zoo, a dog.
• a + singular noun beginning with a vowel: an elephant, an egg, an apple, an idiot.
• a + singular noun beginning with a consonant sound: a user ( sounds like ´yoo-zer´, i.e begins with a consonant ´´y´´ sound, so ´a´ is used); a university, a unicycle.
• an + nouns starting with silent ¨h¨: an hour.
• an + nouns starting with a pronounced ¨h¨: a horse.

Examples: - a broken egg.

                 - an unusual problem.

The definite article is used before  singular and plural nouns when the noun is specific or particular. The signals that the noun is definite, that it refers to a particular member of a group.

For Example:

The dog that bit me ran away.  (Here, we´re talking about a specific dog, the dog that bit me)

The apple you ate was rotten.

                 

Subject - Verb Agreement

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wureAATyXuk&feature=related

The Genitive Case

The genitive case is one of the 4 main cases in modern English. Whilst it has other uses, it is predominantly the form used to indicate possesion. For nouns, it is usually created by adding ´S to the word or by preceding in with ¨of¨.






Type                                            Example                       Genitive Case
Singular noun                               Dog                               Dog´s dinner.
Plural nouns                                 Dogs                              Dogs´ dinner.
Singular  noun ending S               Chris                              Chris´ hat or Chri´s hat.
Plural nouns not ending S            Men                                Men´s room.

Types of Nouns

A noun is the name of a person, place, thing or ide. Whatever exist,we assume, can  be    named and that name is a noun. A proper noun, which names a specific person, place or thing.

Proper:  Most propers nouns, for example: New York, Coca Cola, Mary. Begin with a capital letter. Proper nouns are not usually preceded by articles or other determiners. Most proper nous are singular.

for example: 

1- I had a dinner with Orlando tonight.

2- Andrès and I will go to Spain.

Concrete: 

examples: 1- The Pizza is hot, but rich.

                   2- The blue Pen is new.

Abstract: your five senses cannot detect this group of nouns. You cannot see , hear, smell , tasted or feel.

for example:

- Honesty

- Courage

- Loyalty

- Love

- Hate

Collective: Are words used to define a group of objects.

examples: 1- An army of frogs.

                   2- A promise of barmen.


Compound: Acoumpoun noun is a noun that is made up of two or more words. Most compound nouns in English are formed by nouns modofied by other nouns or adjectives.
for example:
1- What a beutiful the Computer!
2- I love getting up  at Sunrise.


Simple:
examples: 1- The scissors are my aunt.
                   2- The book has much information. 
                   3- The cat is under the table.
                   4- The shoes are black.


Common:  A common noun is a noun that refers to a person, thing and place.
Example: - The white phone is nice.
                 - The black dog is in the room.


Countable: A countable noun is a type of noun that can be:
- Precented in both the singular form and the plural form.
- Represented by a number, such as two cats, five books.
examples:
- The cat is big.
- The cats are big.
- There are four cats in the room.


Uncountable: Uncountable nouns are substances, concepts, that we cannot divide into separate elements. We cannot ´´count´´ them. For example we cannot count ´´milk´´.
Some more uncountable nouns:
- money, currency.
- rice, sugar, butter, water.
- music, art, love, happines.